Free practice › Class 11 › Biology › Chapter 16
Excretory Products and Their Elimination — NEET MCQs with answers
Animals accumulate ammonia, urea, uric acid, carbon dioxide, water and ions, which have to be removed totally or partially. Ammonotelic animals (many bony fishes, aquatic amphibians, aquatic insects) excrete ammonia; ureotelic animals (mammals, many terrestrial amphibians, marine fishes) excrete urea; uricotelic animals (reptiles, birds, land snails, insects) excrete uric acid. The human excretory system consists of a pair of kidneys, ureters, a urinary bladder and a urethra; nephrons are the functional units, and urine is formed by glomerular filtration, reabsorption and secretion.
Topics in this chapter
- 16.1 Human Excretory System
- 16.2 Urine Formation
- 16.3 Function of the Tubules
- 16.4 Mechanism of Concentration of the Filtrate
- 16.5 Regulation of Kidney Function
- 16.6 Micturition
- 16.7 Role of Other Organs in Excretion
- 16.8 Disorders of the Excretory System
Free practice questions
Which of the following is the correct comparison of hemodialysis and kidney transplantation as given by NCERT?
- A. Transplantation removes urea by concentration gradient
- B. Both use a coiled cellophane tube
- C. Hemodialysis removes urea from blood, while transplantation is the ultimate correction of acute renal failure
- D. Both require the addition of heparin and anti-heparin
Show answer
Answer: C — NCERT presents hemodialysis as the process removing urea from the blood of uremic patients, and kidney transplantation as the ultimate method in the correction of acute renal failure.
NCERT Class 11 Biology Ch 16.8
The processes of urine formation, in their correct sequence, are
- A. Reabsorption → glomerular filtration → secretion
- B. Secretion → reabsorption → glomerular filtration
- C. Glomerular filtration → reabsorption → secretion
- D. Glomerular filtration → secretion → reabsorption
Show answer
Answer: C — NCERT lists the three main processes as glomerular filtration, reabsorption and secretion, with filtration being the first step.
NCERT Class 11 Biology Ch 16.2
Which of the following sets consists only of ureotelic animals?
- A. Birds, reptiles and insects
- B. Mammals, many terrestrial amphibians and marine fishes
- C. Land snails, prawns and rotifers
- D. Bony fishes, aquatic insects and aquatic amphibians
Show answer
Answer: B — NCERT names mammals, many terrestrial amphibians and marine fishes as the ureotelic groups.
NCERT Class 11 Biology Ch 16.1
Which of these correctly states the role of the ascending portion of vasa recta?
- A. It returns NaCl to the interstitium
- B. It transports urea back to the interstitium
- C. It receives NaCl from the ascending limb of Henle's loop
- D. It carries filtrate towards the collecting tubule
Show answer
Answer: A — NaCl is returned to the interstitium by the ascending portion of vasa recta.
NCERT Class 11 Biology Ch 16.4
Which structure is described in NCERT as a 'long duct' running into the inner parts of the medulla?
- A. Proximal convoluted tubule
- B. Henle's loop
- C. Collecting duct
- D. Distal convoluted tubule
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Answer: C — The collecting duct is the long duct extending from the cortex of the kidney to the inner parts of the medulla.
NCERT Class 11 Biology Ch 16.3
According to NCERT, what is the ultimate fate of most of the substances secreted in bile?
- A. They are excreted in the urine through the kidneys
- B. They pass out along with the digestive wastes
- C. They are reabsorbed completely by the intestine
- D. They are eliminated as sweat through the skin
Show answer
Answer: B — NCERT: 'Most of these substances ultimately pass out along with digestive wastes.'
NCERT Class 11 Biology Ch 16.7
Both ADH and angiotensin II raise blood pressure. The common property responsible is that both:
- A. Cause dilation of blood vessels
- B. Cause constriction of blood vessels
- C. Are released from the atria of the heart
- D. Are released from the adrenal cortex
Show answer
Answer: B — ADH has constrictory effects on blood vessels; angiotensin II is a powerful vasoconstrictor. Both therefore raise blood pressure.
NCERT Class 11 Biology Ch 16.5
In the micturition reflex, the stretch receptors of the bladder send their signals to:
- A. The urethral sphincter directly
- B. The juxta glomerular cells
- C. The central nervous system
- D. The adrenal cortex
Show answer
Answer: C — NCERT: in response to stretching, the stretch receptors on the walls of the bladder send signals to the CNS, which then passes on motor messages.
NCERT Class 11 Biology Ch 16.6
On an average, how much blood is filtered by the kidneys per minute?
- A. 1500-1800 mL
- B. 180-200 mL
- C. 1100-1200 mL
- D. 100-125 mL
Show answer
Answer: C — NCERT: 'On an average, 1100-1200 ml of blood is filtered by the kidneys per minute.'
NCERT Class 11 Biology Ch 16.2
As the concentrated filtrate passes UPWARD along the ascending limb of Henle's loop, it gets
- A. diluted, due to the passage of electrolytes to the medullary fluid
- B. unchanged, as the limb is impermeable to both water and electrolytes
- C. concentrated, due to entry of electrolytes from the medullary fluid
- D. concentrated, due to the passage of water to the medullary fluid
Show answer
Answer: A — The ascending limb is impermeable to water but allows passage of electrolytes to the medullary fluid; hence the filtrate gets diluted as it moves up.
NCERT Class 11 Biology Ch 16.3
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