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Neural Control and Coordination — NEET MCQs with answers
The neural system and the endocrine system jointly coordinate and integrate the activities of the organs so that they function in a synchronised fashion and maintain homeostasis. Neurons are the structural and functional units of the neural system; their polarised membranes allow an impulse (action potential) to be generated and conducted along the axon. The human neural system is divided into the central neural system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral neural system (somatic and autonomic), and impulses pass between neurons across synapses, chemical synapses using neurotransmitters.
Topics in this chapter
- 18.1 Neural System
- 18.2 Human Neural System
- 18.3 Neuron as Structural and Functional Unit of Neural System
- 18.4 Central Neural System
Free practice questions
According to NCERT, the three major regions that make up the brain stem are
- A. midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata
- B. forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain
- C. thalamus, hypothalamus and pons
- D. cerebrum, cerebellum and medulla
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Answer: A — NCERT: three major regions make up the brain stem — midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata.
NCERT Class 11 Biology Ch 18.4
The two parts into which the human neural system is divided are:
- A. The afferent fibres and the efferent fibres
- B. The central neural system and the peripheral neural system
- C. The somatic neural system and the autonomic neural system
- D. The sympathetic neural system and the parasympathetic neural system
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Answer: B — According to NCERT, the human neural system is divided into (i) the central neural system (CNS) and (ii) the peripheral neural system (PNS).
NCERT Class 11 Biology Ch 18
If the sodium-potassium pump of a resting axon completes 25 cycles, the axoplasm loses a net positive charge equal to that of how many ions, and this loss helps keep the inner surface
- A. 25 ions; positively charged
- B. 25 ions; negatively charged
- C. 50 ions; positively charged
- D. 75 ions; negatively charged
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Answer: B — 25 cycles export 75 Na⁺ and import 50 K⁺, a net loss of 25 positive charges from the axoplasm; this contributes to the inner surface being negatively charged, i.e. the membrane stays polarised.
NCERT Class 11 Biology Ch 18.3
Neurons can detect, receive and transmit:
- A. Only mechanical pressure
- B. Only chemical hormones
- C. Different kinds of stimuli
- D. Only light
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Answer: C — Neurons 'can detect, receive and transmit different kinds of stimuli'.
NCERT Class 11 Biology Ch 18
Hunger and thirst, thermoregulation and circadian rhythms are all controlled by the
- A. brain
- B. synaptic cleft
- C. myelin sheath
- D. spinal nerves
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Answer: A — All of these are listed in NCERT among the functions controlled by the brain.
NCERT Class 11 Biology Ch 18.4
If the Schwann cells enveloping a nerve fibre failed to form a sheath around the axon, the fibre would be classified as, and would lack
- A. unmyelinated; Schwann cells
- B. myelinated; nodes of Ranvier
- C. myelinated; Schwann cells
- D. unmyelinated; nodes of Ranvier
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Answer: D — NCERT: an unmyelinated nerve fibre is enclosed by a Schwann cell that does NOT form a myelin sheath around the axon. Since nodes of Ranvier are the gaps between two adjacent myelin sheaths, a fibre without myelin sheaths has no nodes of Ranvier.
NCERT Class 11 Biology Ch 18.3
Which division of the human neural system comprises all the nerves of the body associated with the brain and the spinal cord?
- A. The parasympathetic neural system
- B. The central neural system
- C. The sympathetic neural system
- D. The peripheral neural system
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Answer: D — NCERT states that the PNS comprises all the nerves of the body associated with the CNS (brain and spinal cord).
NCERT Class 11 Biology Ch 18
Arrange the events described in NCERT during physical exercise in the correct causal order: (i) increased rate of respiration, heart beat and blood flow (ii) increased energy demand (iii) increased supply of oxygen
- A. (ii) - (iii) - (i)
- B. (iii) - (i) - (ii)
- C. (i) - (ii) - (iii)
- D. (ii) - (i) - (iii)
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Answer: A — The energy demand rises for increased muscular activity, the supply of oxygen is also increased, and this increased oxygen supply necessitates an increase in the rate of respiration, heart beat and blood flow.
NCERT Class 11 Biology Ch 18
Which of the following is NOT a centre located in the medulla as per NCERT?
- A. Gastric secretion centre
- B. Respiratory centre
- C. Cardiovascular reflex centre
- D. Thermoregulation centre
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Answer: D — Thermoregulation (body temperature) is a hypothalamic centre; the medulla controls respiration, cardiovascular reflexes and gastric secretions.
NCERT Class 11 Biology Ch 18.4
At an electrical synapse, the membranes of the pre- and post-synaptic neurons are
- A. Separated by a myelin sheath
- B. In very close proximity
- C. Separated by a wide fluid-filled synaptic cleft
- D. Separated by Schwann cells
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Answer: B — At electrical synapses, the membranes of pre- and post-synaptic neurons are in very close proximity.
NCERT Class 11 Biology Ch 18.3
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