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Chemical Coordination and Integration — NEET MCQs with answers
Hormones are non-nutrient chemicals which act as intercellular messengers and are produced in trace amounts; endocrine glands lack ducts and are called ductless glands. The neural coordination is fast but short-lived, and as nerve fibres do not innervate all cells, hormones provide a special kind of coordination and integration; the neural and endocrine systems jointly regulate the physiological functions of the body. The hypothalamus regulates a wide spectrum of body functions, and its hormones regulate the synthesis and secretion of pituitary hormones.
Topics in this chapter
- 19.1 Endocrine Glands and Hormones
- 19.2 Human Endocrine System
- 19.3 Hormones of Heart, Kidney and Gastrointestinal Tract
- 19.4 Mechanism of Hormone Action
Free practice questions
If the pars distalis of a person stops secreting ACTH, the synthesis of which hormone would be most directly reduced?
- A. Cortisol
- B. Melatonin
- C. Adrenaline
- D. Thyroxine
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Answer: A — ACTH stimulates the synthesis and secretion of steroid hormones called glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex, and cortisol is the main glucocorticoid.
NCERT Class 11 Biology Ch 19.2
Which of the following is a second messenger?
- A. Cortisol
- B. Estradiol
- C. Insulin
- D. Cyclic AMP
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Answer: D — Cyclic AMP, IP3 and Ca++ are given as examples of second messengers.
NCERT Class 11 Biology Ch 19
The chemical nature common to ANF, erythropoietin, gastrin, secretin, CCK and GIP is that all are:
- A. Steroid hormones
- B. Glycoprotein hormones
- C. Peptide hormones
- D. Amino acid derivatives
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Answer: C — ANF, erythropoietin, gastrin, secretin, CCK and GIP are all described as peptide hormones.
NCERT Class 11 Biology, Ch 19 Chemical Coordination and Integration, Sec 19.3, p.247
Which of the following is the best reason why the classical definition alone is considered inadequate today?
- A. It describes hormones as nerve impulses
- B. It is too narrow, being limited to secretions of organised endocrine glands
- C. It wrongly states that hormones travel in the blood
- D. It wrongly states that endocrine glands are ductless
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Answer: B — NCERT notes the new definition covers a number of new molecules in addition to those secreted by organised endocrine glands, so the classical wording is too narrow.
NCERT Class 11 Biology, Ch 19 Chemical Coordination and Integration, Sec 19.1, p.239
Progesterone belongs to which chemical group?
- A. Proteins
- B. Iodothyronines
- C. Steroids
- D. Amino-acid derivatives
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Answer: C — Progesterone is listed among the steroid hormones.
NCERT Class 11 Biology Ch 19
Which gland plays a major role in the development of the immune system?
- A. Parathyroid gland
- B. Thymus
- C. Pineal gland
- D. Pars intermedia of the pituitary
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Answer: B — NCERT: the thymus plays a major role in the development of the immune system.
NCERT Class 11 Biology Ch 19.2
Gastrin stimulates the secretion of:
- A. Water and bicarbonate ions
- B. Erythropoietin and ANF
- C. Pancreatic enzymes and bile juice
- D. Hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen
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Answer: D — Gastrin acts on the gastric glands and stimulates the secretion of hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen.
NCERT Class 11 Biology, Ch 19 Chemical Coordination and Integration, Sec 19.3, p.247
The chemical coordination in the body is carried out by
- A. nutrients absorbed from the diet
- B. nerve impulses
- C. ducts of exocrine glands
- D. hormones
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Answer: D — NCERT states that the function of providing a special kind of coordination and integration is carried out by hormones.
NCERT Class 11 Biology, Ch 19 Chemical Coordination and Integration, Sec 19.1, p.239
Androgens regulate the development, maturation and functions of the
- A. adrenal cortex
- B. male accessory sex organs
- C. female accessory sex organs
- D. Islets of Langerhans
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Answer: B — NCERT: 'Androgens regulate the development, maturation and functions of the male accessory sex organs like epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, urethra etc.'
NCERT Class 11 Biology Ch 19.2
Hormone receptors are located in:
- A. Only exocrine gland ducts
- B. The target tissues only
- C. All tissues of the body
- D. Only the blood plasma
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Answer: B — Hormone receptors are located in the target tissues only.
NCERT Class 11 Biology Ch 19
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