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Biotechnology and Its Applications — NEET MCQs with answers
Chapter 10 covers applications of biotechnology in agriculture (tissue culture and micro-propagation, GM crops tolerant to abiotic stresses, Bt crops and RNA interference for pest resistance), in medicine (genetically engineered insulin, gene therapy for ADA deficiency, molecular diagnosis by PCR and ELISA), and in transgenic animals. It also addresses the ethical issues of genetic modification, including the role of GEAC and biopiracy.
Topics in this chapter
- 10.1 Biotechnological Applications in Agriculture
- 10.2 Biotechnological Applications in Medicine
- 10.3 Transgenic Animals
- 10.4 Ethical Issues
Free practice questions
The American company that prepared DNA sequences for the A and B chains of human insulin in 1983 was:
- A. Monsanto
- B. Eli Lilly
- C. Pfizer
- D. Genentech
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Answer: B — NCERT states in 1983, Eli Lilly, an American company, prepared two DNA sequences corresponding to A and B chains of human insulin.
NCERT Class 12 Biology · Ch 10 · 10.2 Biotechnological Applications in Medicine
According to NCERT, transgenic animals used in toxicity testing are compared with:
- A. Transgenic plants
- B. Somatic hybrids
- C. Genetically modified microbes
- D. Non-transgenic animals
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Answer: D — NCERT: they are made more sensitive to toxic substances than non-transgenic animals.
NCERT Class 12 Biology · Ch 10 · 10.3 Transgenic Animals
The 'new' variety of Basmati patented by the American company had actually been derived from __________.
- A. genetically engineered Bt rice
- B. a naturally occurring US mutant
- C. wild American grasses
- D. Indian farmer's varieties
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Answer: D — This 'new' variety of Basmati had actually been derived from Indian farmer's varieties.
NCERT Class 12 Biology · Ch 10 · 10.4 Ethical Issues
Most Bt toxins are described as being:
- A. effective only on plants
- B. toxic to mammals
- C. broad-spectrum, killing all insects
- D. insect-group specific
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Answer: D — The choice of gene depends on the crop and targeted pest, as most Bt toxins are insect-group specific.
NCERT Class 12 Biology · Ch 10 · 10.1 Biotechnological Applications in Agriculture
Which of the following is NOT listed by NCERT as a human disease for which transgenic models exist?
- A. Cystic fibrosis
- B. Diabetes
- C. Cancer
- D. Alzheimer's
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Answer: B — NCERT lists cancer, cystic fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimer's as diseases with transgenic models. Diabetes is not in this list.
NCERT Class 12 Biology · Ch 10 · 10.3 Transgenic Animals
According to the NCERT summary, viruses used as vectors in gene therapy are ones that:
- A. only cause allergic reactions
- B. introduce their genetic material into the host cell during replication
- C. amplify DNA like PCR
- D. produce antibodies against pathogens
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Answer: B — NCERT summary states viruses that attack their hosts and introduce their genetic material into the host cell as part of their replication cycle are used as vectors to transfer healthy genes.
NCERT Class 12 Biology · Ch 10 · 10.2 Biotechnological Applications in Medicine
The pores created by the Bt toxin in midgut epithelial cells lead to:
- A. cell swelling and lysis
- B. cell division
- C. cell dehydration only
- D. increased enzyme secretion
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Answer: A — The pores cause cell swelling and lysis, and eventually cause the death of the insect.
NCERT Class 12 Biology · Ch 10 · 10.1 Biotechnological Applications in Agriculture
Traditional knowledge related to bio-resources can be exploited to develop modern applications and can also help to save __________.
- A. patents and trademarks
- B. time, effort and expenditure during commercialisation
- C. GM organisms and vectors
- D. biodiversity and ecosystems
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Answer: B — Traditional knowledge can be exploited to develop modern applications and can be used to save time, effort and expenditure during their commercialisation.
NCERT Class 12 Biology · Ch 10 · 10.4 Ethical Issues
Which of the following is the correct NCERT sequence: benefit (iv) and benefit (v) of transgenic animals?
- A. Study of disease, then Biological products
- B. Chemical safety testing, then Vaccine safety
- C. Vaccine safety, then Chemical safety testing
- D. Biological products, then Vaccine safety
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Answer: C — NCERT: (iv) Vaccine safety and (v) Chemical safety testing.
NCERT Class 12 Biology · Ch 10 · 10.3 Transgenic Animals
Which of the following correctly matches an insect group with an example, as given in NCERT?
- A. Lepidopterans - mosquitoes
- B. Coleopterans - beetles
- C. Lepidopterans - flies
- D. Dipterans - beetles
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Answer: B — Coleopterans are beetles; lepidopterans include tobacco budworm and armyworm; dipterans are flies and mosquitoes.
NCERT Class 12 Biology · Ch 10 · 10.1 Biotechnological Applications in Agriculture
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