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Morphology of Flowering Plants — NEET MCQs with answers
Morphology of Flowering Plants describes the external form of angiosperms — root, stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit and seed — using standard technical terms and definitions needed for classification. The floral characteristics form the basis of classification and identification of flowering plants, illustrated through the semi-technical description of a family. The floral features are summarised as floral diagrams and floral formula.
Topics in this chapter
- 5.1 The Root
- 5.2 The Stem
- 5.3 The Leaf
- 5.4 The Inflorescence
- 5.5 The Flower
- 5.6 The Fruit
- 5.7 The Seed
- 5.8 Semi-technical Description of a Typical Flowering Plant
- 5.9 Solanaceae
Free practice questions
In an epigynous flower, the margin of the thalamus grows upward, enclosing the ovary completely and fusing with it. Consequently the other floral parts arise:
- A. Above the ovary
- B. Below the ovary
- C. On the same level as the ovary base
- D. Inside the ovary wall
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Answer: A — NCERT: in epigynous flowers, the margin of thalamus grows upward enclosing the ovary completely and getting fused with it, and the other parts of flower arise above the ovary.
NCERT Class 11 Biology · Ch 5 · 5.5 The Flower
Which combination correctly describes the calyx and corolla of Solanaceae?
- A. Calyx of five united sepals; corolla of five united petals; both valvate
- B. Calyx of five free sepals; corolla of five free petals; both twisted
- C. Calyx of four united sepals; corolla of four free petals; both imbricate
- D. Perianth of six tepals; both vexillary
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Answer: A — In Solanaceae both the calyx (five united sepals) and corolla (five united petals) are gamosepalous/gamopetalous with valvate aestivation.
NCERT Class 11 Biology · Ch 5 · 5.9 Description of Some Important Families
Which statement correctly describes nodes and internodes?
- A. Nodes and internodes are found only on roots
- B. Internodes bear leaves; nodes are the parts between internodes
- C. Both nodes and internodes bear root hairs
- D. Nodes bear leaves; internodes are the parts between two nodes
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Answer: D — NCERT 5.2: nodes are the regions of the stem where leaves are born; internodes are the portions between two nodes.
NCERT Class 11 Biology · Ch 5 · 5.2 The Stem
In alternate phyllotaxy, at each node there arises:
- A. A single leaf in alternate manner
- B. A pair of leaves opposite to each other
- C. More than two leaves forming a whorl
- D. No leaf
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Answer: A — NCERT 5.3.3: in alternate type of phyllotaxy, a single leaf arises at each node in alternate manner.
NCERT Class 11 Biology · Ch 5 · 5.3 The Leaf
Reserve food in a non-endospermous seed such as gram is stored mainly in the
- A. Perisperm
- B. Endosperm
- C. Fleshy cotyledons
- D. Aleurone layer
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Answer: C — NCERT 5.7.1: the cotyledons are often fleshy and full of reserve food materials; in plants such as bean, gram and pea the endosperm is not present in mature seeds, and such seeds are called non-endospermous.
NCERT Class 11 Biology · Ch 5 · 5.7 The Seed
The floral formula also shows cohesion and adhesion within the parts of whorls and:
- A. Between the root and the shoot
- B. Between the leaf and the stem
- C. Between two different flowers
- D. Between different whorls
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Answer: D — NCERT 5.8: The floral formula also shows cohesion and adhesion within parts of whorls and between whorls.
NCERT Class 11 Biology · Ch 5 · 5.8 Semi-technical Description of a Typical Flowering Plant
In the region of maturation, the cells of the elongation zone gradually:
- A. Lose their walls
- B. Form the root cap
- C. Differentiate and mature
- D. Divide repeatedly
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Answer: C — The cells of the elongation zone gradually differentiate and mature, forming the region of maturation.
NCERT Class 11 Biology · Ch 5 · 5.1 The Root
When the pericarp is thick and fleshy, it is differentiated into three layers. The correct sequence from outside to inside is:
- A. Endocarp → mesocarp → epicarp
- B. Epicarp → endocarp → mesocarp
- C. Mesocarp → epicarp → endocarp
- D. Epicarp → mesocarp → endocarp
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Answer: D — NCERT states that when pericarp is thick and fleshy, it is differentiated into the outer epicarp, the middle mesocarp and the inner endocarp.
NCERT Class 11 Biology · Ch 5 · 5.6 The Fruit
In racemose inflorescence, the main axis:
- A. Continues to grow
- B. Becomes solitary
- C. Terminates in a flower
- D. Is limited in growth
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Answer: A — NCERT 5.4 states that in racemose type the main axis continues to grow.
NCERT Class 11 Biology · Ch 5 · 5.4 The Inflorescence
A flower that cannot be divided into two similar halves by any vertical plane passing through the centre is called:
- A. Zygomorphic
- B. Asymmetric
- C. Actinomorphic
- D. Pentamerous
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Answer: B — NCERT: a flower is asymmetric (irregular) if it cannot be divided into two similar halves by any vertical plane passing through the centre, as in canna.
NCERT Class 11 Biology · Ch 5 · 5.5 The Flower
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