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Anatomy of Flowering Plants — NEET MCQs with answers
Plant anatomy is the study of the internal structure of plants: cells are the basic unit, cells are organised into tissues, and tissues in turn into organs. Within angiosperms, monocots and dicots are anatomically different in their roots, stems and leaves. Internal structures also show adaptations to diverse environments.
Topics in this chapter
- 6.1 The Tissue System
- 6.2 Anatomy of Dicotyledonous and Monocotyledonous Plants
- 6.3 Dicotyledonous Stem
- 6.4 Monocotyledonous Stem, Dorsiventral and Isobilateral Leaf
Free practice questions
In a dicot root, the tissues xylem, phloem and conjunctive tissue together with the pericycle and pith are enclosed by which single layer?
- A. Cortex
- B. Endodermis
- C. Epiblema
- D. Hypodermis
Show answer
Answer: B — NCERT: the stele (pericycle, vascular bundles, pith) lies on the inner side of the endodermis, so the endodermis encloses these tissues.
NCERT Class 11 Biology · Ch 6 · 6.2 Anatomy of Dicotyledonous and Monocotyledonous Plants
In an isobilateral leaf, stomata are present:
- A. Only on the upper surface
- B. Only near the midrib
- C. Only on the lower surface
- D. On both surfaces of the epidermis
Show answer
Answer: D — NCERT: in an isobilateral leaf, the stomata are present on both the surfaces of the epidermis.
NCERT Class 11 Biology · Ch 6 · 6.4 Monocotyledonous Stem, Dorsiventral and Isobilateral Leaf
A stem section shows conjoint, open vascular bundles with endarch protoxylem arranged in a ring, a starch sheath endodermis, and semi-lunar sclerenchymatous pericycle. Which plant part is this?
- A. Dicotyledonous root
- B. Dicotyledonous stem
- C. Monocotyledonous stem
- D. Dorsiventral leaf
Show answer
Answer: B — NCERT (6.2.3 Dicotyledonous Stem) describes exactly these features: the endodermis is rich in starch grains and is called the starch sheath, the pericycle lies above the phloem as semi-lunar patches of sclerenchyma, and a large number of vascular bundles are arranged in a ring, each conjoint, open and with endarch protoxylem. The ring arrangement of vascular bundles is a characteristic of the dicot stem.
NCERT Class 11 Biology · Ch 6 · 6.3 Dicotyledonous Stem
Which of the following is the correct sequence from outside to inside for the epidermal surface of a leaf?
- A. Epidermal cells → cuticle → outside
- B. Cuticle → epidermal cells
- C. Mesophyll → cuticle → epidermis
- D. Xylem → cuticle → epidermis
Show answer
Answer: B — NCERT: the cuticle is on the outside of the epidermis; below it are the epidermal cells. So cuticle lies outside the epidermal cells.
NCERT Class 11 Biology · Ch 6 · 6.1 The Tissue System
The waxy Casparian strips make the endodermal walls:
- A. Water-impermeable
- B. Rich in starch grains
- C. Freely permeable to water
- D. Photosynthetic
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Answer: A — NCERT: the suberin deposited as Casparian strips is 'water-impermeable', so the walls become impermeable to water.
NCERT Class 11 Biology · Ch 6 · 6.2 Anatomy of Dicotyledonous and Monocotyledonous Plants
Identify the leaf tissue: 'present adaxially in a dorsiventral leaf, elongated, closely packed, rich in chloroplasts, and specialised for maximum light capture.' It is the:
- A. Bundle sheath
- B. Spongy parenchyma
- C. Bulliform cells
- D. Palisade parenchyma
Show answer
Answer: D — NCERT describes the adaxial palisade parenchyma as elongated cells arranged vertically and parallel; together with chloroplasts it performs photosynthesis.
NCERT Class 11 Biology · Ch 6 · 6.4 Monocotyledonous Stem, Dorsiventral and Isobilateral Leaf
Which of the following provides the protective covering on the outside of a dicot stem?
- A. Endodermis with starch grains
- B. Epidermis with a thin cuticle
- C. Pericycle with sclerenchyma
- D. Pith with parenchyma
Show answer
Answer: B — NCERT states the epidermis, covered with a thin cuticle, is the outermost protective layer of the dicot stem.
NCERT Class 11 Biology · Ch 6 · 6.3 Dicotyledonous Stem
Which set correctly pairs a bundle-type criterion with its two possible outcomes?
- A. Location of xylem and phloem → open or closed
- B. Presence of cambium → radial or conjoint
- C. Presence of cambium → open or closed
- D. Number of stomata → open or closed
Show answer
Answer: C — NCERT gives two criteria: presence of cambium → open/closed; arrangement/location of xylem and phloem → radial/conjoint. 'Presence of cambium → open or closed' is a correct pairing.
NCERT Class 11 Biology · Ch 6 · 6.1 The Tissue System
In the transverse section of a dicotyledonous (sunflower) root, which is the outermost layer?
- A. Epiblema
- B. Cortex
- C. Endodermis
- D. Pericycle
Show answer
Answer: A — NCERT states: 'The outermost layer is epiblema.' Many of its cells protrude as unicellular root hairs.
NCERT Class 11 Biology · Ch 6 · 6.2 Anatomy of Dicotyledonous and Monocotyledonous Plants
Which of the following is NOT a part seen in the vertical section of a dorsiventral leaf?
- A. Epidermis
- B. Pericycle
- C. Vascular system
- D. Mesophyll
Show answer
Answer: B — NCERT lists epidermis, mesophyll and vascular system as the three parts; pericycle is a stem/root feature, not listed for the leaf.
NCERT Class 11 Biology · Ch 6 · 6.4 Monocotyledonous Stem, Dorsiventral and Isobilateral Leaf
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